Nigeria has a population of approximately 224 million[1] and an almost equal distribution between urban (54%)[2] and rural (46%)[3] population. The agricultural sector accounts for 38% of total employment[4] and represents 23% of the national GDP.[5]
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and one of the most promising economies on the continent. However, in the rural areas of Nigeria, poverty is a major problem that is compounded by the lack of opportunities for young people. Most of the country’s rural population are smallholder subsistence farmers. These farmers grow their crops on plots without irrigation and are therefore completely dependent on rainfall. This is detrimental, especially in the northern part of the country which often experiences droughts. Furthermore, the poor quality of the country’s road network has greatly undermined the development of the agricultural sector. In addition, over-cultivation, deforestation, and overgrazing have greatly degraded the quality of the soil. [6]
- ^ World Bank (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=NG
- ^ World Bank (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=NG
- ^ World Bank (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=NG
- ^ World Bank (2022). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=NG
- ^ World Bank (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=NG
- ^ IFAD. Country Profiles: Nigeria. https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/country/id/nigeria
- ^ FAOSTAT (2022). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/commodities_by_country
- ^ FAOSTAT (2022). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/commodities_by_country_exports
Minimum wage
The minimum wage in Nigeria is set by law at 65,000 Nigerian naira (66 EUR) per month. It is based on 5 working days of 8 hours per week.[1] All workers must receive at least this minimum wage and employers who fail to meet this payment are subject to sanctions by the Nigerian government. Despite this labour law, the government has not been effective in its enforcement and when it sanctioned non-compliance, the penalties were too low to have a significant impact. In addition, the government has placed severe obstacles to collective bargaining. The law does not protect unions from general discrimination nor does it mandate the reinstatement of fired workers on the basis of union activity. Workers can protest through formalised unions, but the police rarely give permission for public demonstrations, and if they do, they usually end with violent interventions and arrests of union members.[2]
- ^ WageIndicator Foundation (2024). Minimum Wage-Nigeria. https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/nigeria
- ^ U.S. Department of State. 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Nigeria. https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/nigeria
Living income
The Global Living Wage Coalition has developed a Living Income reference value study for rural Nigeria based on the Anker methodology.
The Anker Living Income Reference Value for 2023 for rural Nigeria is estimated at 232,948 Nigerian naira (237 EUR) per month. This is the estimated monthly cost for a typical family in rural Nigeria to cover a basic but decent standard of living. It is important to note that due to the large variability in poverty levels across Nigerian's regions, the living income estimate may be too high for some of the poorest areas in the north of the country and too low for the more developed southern states. [1]
Cassava Supply Chain Inclusion in Nigeria 
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Ginger Farmer's Income
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Living Income Reference Value, Rural Nigeria
Living income estimate for a typical family in rural Nigeria to cover the monthly cost of a basic but decent standard of living.